When Canada introduced wartime conscription in 1940, many young men — largely of Mennonite and other historic peace churches — sought alternatives to military service based on religious conviction and conscience. In response, the Canadian government set up the non-military, alternative service work camps for conscientious objectors. On July 16, 1941, the first group of men, most from Southern Ontario, arrived at Ontario’s first camp, the Montreal River Alternative Service Work Camp to serve four-month terms. Their work focused on extending the Trans-Canada Highway northwards. Remote camp life was unchartered territory for these men and a profound dislocation from their lives. In March 1942, the Canadian government issued an order-in-council requiring conscientious objectors to serve for the duration of the war instead. The men found this change deeply disappointing yet continued to serve as required. In spring 1942, many of the present occupants were transferred to British Columbia camps for general labour and forest protection. The Montreal River camp closed in May 1943, having served as a model for over 50 camps across Canada. For many, these work camps became symbols of resistance to war and a belief in pacifism. The work of these conscientious objectors greatly contributed to Canada’s essential services during the war years.

Location

Twilight Resort (the former site of the Montreal River Alternative Service Work Camp) in Montreal River Harbour, north of Sault Ste. Marie

Themes

• Buildings and structures
• Communities
• Industry and trade
• Organizations
• People
• Politics and law
• Religion
• War and conflict